Psychedelic law, in plain English

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Alabama law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Alabama controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Alaska HB 228 (2024) created a task force to plan regulation of FDA-approved psychedelic medicines. Psilocybin remains illegal.

• Possession remains a crime
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route

Alaska HB 228 (2024), Chapter 60 SLA 2024·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Arizona SB 1555 (2025, Chapter 231) allows an FDA-approved psilocybin medicine to be prescribed once it is federally rescheduled. Psilocybin otherwise remains illegal.

• No legal access today
• Possession remains a crime

A.R.S. 36-2517.02 (SB 1555, 2025)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Arkansas law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Arkansas controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Since 1 July 2023, specialist psychiatrists authorised under the TGA’s Authorised Prescriber scheme can access MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder and psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. These remain unapproved medicines. Clinical-trial access is also possible; this is not general legal access or a retreat-licensing scheme.

• Only authorized psychiatrists may prescribe
• Limited to PTSD (MDMA) and treatment-resistant depression (psilocybin)
• Treatment happens in clinical settings, not retreats
• Possession without a prescription remains a crime

Poisons Standard Schedule 8 (TGA Authorised Prescriber)·Reviewed 2026-10-30Laws, providers & sources →

Ayahuasca is legal for religious use in Brazil under CONAD Resolution 1/2010, and churches such as Santo Daime and Uniao do Vegetal operate openly. Outside the religious context, DMT remains controlled and there is no medical access framework.

• Ayahuasca is legal within registered religious practice
• The protection covers the religious context, not general retreats
• Psilocybin and MDMA remain controlled
• Ketamine is available by prescription

CONAD Resolution 1/2010·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Several cities tell police to treat personal possession as their lowest priority. It is still against state law everywhere in California.

• Oakland, San Francisco, Santa Cruz, Arcata, and Berkeley have measures
• No legal place to buy or be given psilocybin
• Religious-use practices operate in a legally untested space

Municipal resolutions·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Canada prohibits psilocybin but grants case-by-case medical access through Health Canada's Special Access Program and Section 56 exemptions. Ketamine is prescribed off-label in clinics nationwide. There is no general retail or retreat framework.

• Legal psilocybin access exists only through a physician-led request to Health Canada, typically for serious or treatment-resistant conditions.
• Ketamine clinics operate legally across Canada with a prescription; this is currently the most accessible legal psychedelic-adjacent care.
• Underground or 'wellness' psilocybin services in Canada are unlicensed and illegal, whatever their marketing says.

Psilocybin is a Schedule III substance under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Since 2022, physicians can request psilocybin and MDMA for patients through Health Canada's Special Access Program, and the Minister can grant individual Section 56 exemptions for medical or scientific use. Ketamine, a controlled medicine, is legally prescribed off-label by clinics.·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Colombia's Constitutional Court decriminalized possession of a personal dose of drugs including psilocybin in 1994. There is no licensed access program, but traditional yagé (ayahuasca) use by indigenous communities is culturally recognized.

• Carrying a small personal amount is not a crime, but selling or transporting larger quantities is prosecuted.
• Ayahuasca (yagé) ceremonies are widely available and culturally established, but there is no government licensing or safety registry for facilitators.
• No licensed psilocybin or MDMA therapy program exists; clinical access is limited to research settings.

In Sentencia C-221 of 1994, the Constitutional Court ruled that criminalizing possession of a personal dose violates the right to free development of personality. Decree 1844 of 2018 later set personal-dose thresholds. Traditional indigenous use of yagé (ayahuasca) is recognized and practiced openly, especially in the Putumayo and around Bogotá.·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Colorado regulates supervised natural-medicine services at licensed healing centers. Adults aged 21 and over also have limited state protections for specified personal-use activities; these do not authorize general retail sales, public consumption or every form of paid facilitation, and federal restrictions still apply.

• Healing centers are licensed by the state Natural Medicine Division
• Selling remains illegal
• Public consumption remains prohibited

Natural Medicine Health Act (Prop 122)·Reviewed 2026-10-31Laws, providers & sources →

Connecticut runs a psychedelic-assisted therapy pilot program; SB 191, signed June 4, 2026, expanded who can take part starting July 1, 2026. Possession outside the program remains illegal.

• Access only through the state pilot program
• Possession outside the program remains illegal

Connecticut SB 191 (2026)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Costa Rica lists psilocybin and psilocin as controlled substances, but personal use is not criminally penalized and there is no licensed access program. A small number of wellness retreats operate under Ministry of Health permits for natural and alternative therapies.

• There is no licensed psilocybin service program like Oregon's; no government body certifies psychedelic facilitators.
• Some retreat centers operate openly under Ministry of Health permits covering natural and alternative therapies, ask any provider to show its permit and medical screening protocols.
• Possession for personal use is generally not prosecuted, but buying, selling, or transporting larger quantities can bring trafficking charges.

Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled under Costa Rica's narcotics law (Ley 8204). The law punishes trafficking and distribution, but possession of small personal quantities is not prosecuted as a crime; there is no regulated sales or licensing framework for psychedelic services.·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Act 270/2025 and Government Regulation 552/2025 create a framework for individually prepared psilocybin medicines, effective 1 January 2026. Prescribing requires qualified specialist physicians and specific medical conditions. Legal permission does not guarantee availability: in March 2026, the National Institute of Mental Health said its rollout still depended on financing arrangements; no confirmed opening date is recorded here.

• Medical psilocybin became legal on 1 January 2026
• Only specialists in psychiatry or medical psychotherapy may prescribe
• Requires documented failure or intolerance of standard treatments
• Non-medical possession of small amounts is a civil infraction, not a crime

Act 270/2025 + Government Regulation 552/2025·Reviewed 2026-10-30Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Delaware law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Delaware controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

The Entheogenic Plant and Fungus Policy Act of 2020 (Initiative 81, D.C. Law 23-268) made non-commercial possession, cultivation and sharing of entheogenic plants and fungi among the lowest police enforcement priorities. Sale remains illegal and federal law still applies.

• Selling remains illegal
• Federal law applies on federal property, which covers much of DC

D.C. Law 23-268 (Initiative 81)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Ecuador sets maximum personal-possession amounts for some drugs (CONSEP Resolution 001-2013), but psilocybin is not among them. There is no licensed or legal access, and how possession of psilocybin is treated is unclear.

• The official possession thresholds list cannabis, cocaine, heroin, MDA, MDMA and amphetamines, not psilocybin
• There is no licensed or legal route to psilocybin
• Do not assume possession is protected

CONSEP Resolution 001-CONSEP-CD-2013 (possession thresholds)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin and MDMA remain Schedule I federally. State programs exist because federal authorities have generally not intervened, not because federal law changed.

• Federal property is never covered by state programs
• Crossing state lines with product is a federal offense
• Both compounds hold Breakthrough Therapy designation in trials

Controlled Substances Act·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance in Florida. Since 2025, Florida Statute 500.75 also makes it unlawful to sell or give away spores or mycelium capable of producing psilocybin mushrooms.

• Possession is a felony
• Selling spores is now illegal too
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route

Fla. Stat. 500.75 (2025)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Georgia HB 717 (signed 2026, effective July 1, 2026) amends the Medical Practice Act to create a licensing framework for clinics that administer psychedelic-assisted treatment, expressly including intravenous ketamine infusion. The Composite Medical Board must adopt rules by December 31, 2026, and clinics must be licensed from July 1, 2027. The law does not permit any substance that lacks FDA approval, so it does not authorize psilocybin services; possessing psilocybin remains a crime in Georgia. Administering FDA-approved drugs for their approved on-label indication is exempt from these new requirements, so existing prescribed ketamine treatment is not interrupted by the later clinic-licensing start date.

• This is a licensing framework for clinics that administer psychedelic-assisted treatment, expressly including intravenous ketamine infusion.
• Rules are due by December 31, 2026; clinic licensing is required from July 1, 2027.
• The law does not permit substances that lack FDA approval, so it does not authorize psilocybin services.
• Administering FDA-approved drugs for their approved on-label indication is exempt from the new requirements, existing prescribed ketamine treatment continues.
• Possession of psilocybin remains a crime in Georgia.

Georgia HB 717 (2026)·Reviewed 2026-11-01Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Hawaii law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Hawaii controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Idaho law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Idaho controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Illinois law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Illinois controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Indiana Code 12-21-9 creates a therapeutic psilocybin and ibogaine research fund for Indiana research institutions (first enacted by HEA 1259 in 2024). Possession remains a crime.

• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Possession remains a crime

Ind. Code 12-21-9 (HEA 1259, 2024)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Iowa law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Iowa controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Jamaican authorities announced interim protocols for psilocybin-mushroom cultivation and import assessment in 2021. Those protocols do not establish blanket permission for isolated psilocybin, commercial products, medical treatment or retreats. PsiloAtlas has not verified the complete currently operative drug-control orders or any particular provider’s permissions.

• The official subsidiary-legislation compilation marks relevant drug-control orders as omitted; the principal Act alone is not a complete scheduling check.
• Cultivation and plant-import protocols are distinct from medical, product, facility and professional approvals. Confirm the exact activity and product with the relevant Jamaican authorities.
• Do not assume that bringing mushrooms, extracts or psilocybin into or out of Jamaica is permitted; origin, transit and destination requirements also apply.

Dangerous Drugs Act and subsidiary orders; plant-quarantine and health-product requirements·Reviewed 2026-10-31Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Kansas law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Kansas controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

KRS 218A.513 establishes an ibogaine research fund to partner with a drug developer on FDA clinical trials. Ibogaine and psilocybin remain illegal outside approved trials.

• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Possession remains a crime

KRS 218A.513·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Ketamine is an approved medicine. Clinicians in all 50 states prescribe it off-label for depression and other conditions.

• Requires a prescribing clinician and medical screening
• Sometimes partially covered by insurance
• Quality of care varies widely between clinics

FDA-approved, Schedule III·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Louisiana SB 43 (2026, Act 956) creates a Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Initiative in the Department of Health to support clinical studies at academic health centers. Possession remains a crime.

• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Possession remains a crime

Louisiana Act 956 (SB 43, 2026)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Maine law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Maine controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance in Maryland. A 2024 law (Chapter 793) created a task force to study natural psychedelics and report recommendations, but it did not legalize or decriminalize them.

• Possessing or sharing psilocybin remains a crime statewide
• A state task force was created in 2024 to study natural psychedelics and report by July 31, 2025
• The task force law does not change what is legal

MD Criminal Law §5-402 (Schedule I); Chapter 793 of 2024·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Cambridge, Somerville, Northampton, Salem, and Easthampton have deprioritized enforcement for personal amounts. State law is unchanged.

• Deprioritization is not legalization
• No regulated providers
• A statewide ballot effort failed in 2024

Municipal resolutions·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Mexico prohibits psilocybin under its General Health Law, with a long-standing tolerance for indigenous ceremonial use. There is no licensed access program; proposed reforms have not passed. Retreats serving foreigners operate in a legal gray area.

• There is no license, registry, or government oversight for psychedelic services in Mexico.
• Retreats in places like Oaxaca operate without formal legal authorization; quality and safety vary widely and there is no regulator to complain to.
• If you consider a retreat in Mexico, vet the operator carefully: medical screening, facilitator credentials, and emergency protocols matter more here than anywhere.

Psilocybin mushrooms are listed as prohibited substances under the Ley General de Salud (art. 245). In practice, traditional indigenous ceremonial use, particularly among Mazatec communities in Oaxaca, is tolerated and culturally protected, but this tolerance does not extend to a regulated commercial market.·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule 1 controlled substance under Michigan law (MCL 333.7212). Possession, sale and cultivation remain illegal statewide.

• Psilocybin is a Schedule 1 substance under MCL 333.7212
• Possession, sale and cultivation can be prosecuted under state law

Michigan controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a controlled substance in Minnesota. A 2023 law created a Psychedelic Medicine Task Force to advise the legislature on legal medical use.

• Possession remains a crime
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route

Minnesota SF 1954 (2023), Psychedelic Medicine Task Force·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Mississippi HB 314, the Ibogaine Drug Development Clinical Trial Act, was signed in March 2026 and took effect July 1, 2026. Ibogaine and psilocybin remain illegal outside approved trials.

• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Possession remains a crime

Mississippi HB 314 (2026)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Missouri law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Missouri controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Montana law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Montana controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Nebraska law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Nebraska controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin mushrooms were banned in 2008, but their underground form, sclerotia, sold as "truffles", is not listed under the Opiumwet and is sold legally in licensed smartshops. Most Dutch psychedelic retreats legally use truffles. Ketamine is available by prescription.

• Truffles are legal and sold in licensed smartshops
• Dried mushrooms are banned, retreats use truffles instead
• No government licensing of retreat centers; quality varies
• Ketamine is available by prescription

Opiumwet (truffles not listed)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Nevada law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Nevada controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under New Hampshire law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

New Hampshire controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

P.L. 2025, c.296, signed January 20, 2026, creates a psilocybin pilot program at three New Jersey hospitals and funds it. Possession outside the program remains a crime.

• Access only through the hospital pilot program once running
• Possession outside the program remains illegal

P.L. 2025, c.296 (S2283)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

A medical psilocybin program was authorized in 2025 and is still being written. Nothing is open to patients yet.

• No licensed providers operating today
• Program will be limited to qualifying medical conditions
• Non-medical use remains illegal

Medical Psilocybin Act·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance in New York under Public Health Law §3306. Bills to allow medical or supervised use have been introduced but not passed.

• Possessing or sharing psilocybin remains a crime statewide
• Psilocybin bills have been introduced in the legislature but none has become law

NY Public Health Law §3306 (Schedule I)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin remains a Class A controlled drug in New Zealand. Medical practitioners may apply to Medsafe for individual approval under regulation 22 to prescribe, supply and administer psychedelics for a defined clinical purpose outside research. The first announced psilocybin approval covered treatment-resistant depression. This is not general prescribing permission or legal retreat access.

• Individual practitioners need approval for a defined clinical purpose
• Psilocybin remains Class A and is not an approved medicine
• The June 2025 announcement described an individual approval, not general access

Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1977, regulation 22·Reviewed 2026-10-30Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under North Carolina law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

North Carolina controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under North Dakota law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

North Dakota controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Ohio law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Ohio controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Oklahoma law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Oklahoma controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Adults aged 21 and over may seek supervised psilocybin services at a licensed Oregon service center, subject to required preparation, intake screening, program rules and provider availability. A diagnosis or medical referral is not generally required.

• Sessions must happen at a licensed center with a licensed facilitator
• You cannot take product home
• Growing or selling outside the program is still a crime

Measure 109 / ORS 475A·Reviewed 2026-10-31Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Pennsylvania law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Pennsylvania controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Peru declared traditional ayahuasca knowledge and use a Cultural Heritage of the Nation in 2008 (Resolution 836/INC). Traditional and retreat use is lawful and widespread, though retreats are not formally licensed; visitors should vet centers carefully.

• Traditional ayahuasca use is constitutionally protected
• Retreats operate legally but without formal licensing
• Safety standards vary widely between centers
• Psilocybin and MDMA remain controlled

Resolution 836/INC (2008)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Since 2001, possessing small amounts of any drug, including psilocybin, is an administrative infraction rather than a crime. There is no legal way to buy psilocybin or attend a supervised session; sale and supply remain criminal.

• Small-quantity possession is an administrative infraction
• No legal providers, retreats or sales
• Ketamine is available by prescription in clinics
• Decriminalization is not legalization

Lei 30/2000·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Rhode Island law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Rhode Island controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under South Carolina law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

South Carolina controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under South Dakota law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

South Dakota controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Personal consumption and possession of psilocybin in private are not criminal offenses in Spain; use or possession in public is an administrative infraction fined under Ley Organica 4/2015. Cultivation for personal use sits in a gray zone; sale and supply are crimes. Ketamine clinics operate legally by prescription.

• Private personal use is not a crime
• Public use or possession carries fines of 601 to 30,000 euros
• Selling or supplying remains a criminal offense
• Ketamine is available by prescription

Ley Organica 4/2015, art. 36.16·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

The Federal Office of Public Health can license physicians to treat patients with psilocybin, LSD or MDMA when standard therapies have failed. The program has run since 2014; around 100 physicians held authorizations in 2024.

• Access is case-by-case, via the treating physician's application
• Reserved for serious conditions where other treatments failed
• Patients must generally be resident in Switzerland
• No general clinic or retreat access

Narcotics Act, Art. 8(5), exceptional licences·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Tennessee's HOPE Treatment Act (SB 2149, Public Chapter 1119 of 2026) supports ibogaine clinical trials. Ibogaine and psilocybin remain illegal outside approved trials.

• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Possession remains a crime

Tennessee Public Chapter 1119 (2026)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Texas SB 2308, signed in June 2025, funds a consortium to run FDA clinical trials of ibogaine. Psilocybin and ibogaine remain illegal outside approved trials.

• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Possession remains a crime statewide

Texas SB 2308 (2025)·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Utah SB 266 (2024) lets qualifying health systems offer psilocybin and MDMA treatment to patients under a pilot program. Possession outside those programs remains a crime.

• Access only through participating health-system programs
• Possession outside a program remains illegal

Utah SB 266 (2024), Medical Amendments·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Vermont law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Vermont controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Virginia law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Virginia controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Washington law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Washington controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Initiative 81 made non-commercial activity involving entheogenic plants the police department's lowest priority.

• Applies to plants and fungi, not synthetics
• Federal land within D.C. is not covered
• No regulated access

Initiative 81·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under West Virginia law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

West Virginia controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Wisconsin law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Wisconsin controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →

Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under Wyoming law. Possession, sale and facilitation are criminal offenses; clinical trials are the only lawful route.

• Possession or sharing psilocybin can be prosecuted
• Clinical trials are the only lawful route
• Ketamine can be prescribed off-label by licensed clinicians

Wyoming controlled substances law·Reviewed 2026-10-12Laws, providers & sources →